San Diego de la Unión is a Mexican city (and municipality) located in the Northwest region of the state of Guanajuato. The municipality has an area of 990.17 square kilometres (3.26% of the surface of the state) and is bordered to the north by San Luis Potosí, to the east by San Luis de la Paz, to the south by Dolores Hidalgo, and to the west by San Felipe. The municipality had 34,088 inhabitants according to the 2005 census.
The municipality of San Diego was founded in 1719 under the name of Pueblo de Bizcocho. It received its present name of San Diego de la Unión after San Diego de Alcalá, the Patron saint of Franciscan lay brothers.
The municipal president of San Diego de la Unión and its 137 outlying communities is Luis Gaudencio González Romero.
References
^ Secretaría de Desarrollo Social y Humano - Gobierno del Estado de Guanajuato
^“2005 Census”. INEGI: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática. http://www.inegi.gob.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/sistemas/conteo2005/localidad/iter/. Retrieved 2007-03-22.
^Guanajuato “Mexican Municipality Encyclopedia”. Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México. http://www.e-local.gob.mx/wb2/ELOCAL/EMM_guanajuato Guanajuato. Retrieved 2007-03-22.
Abasolo · Acámbaro · San Miguel de Allende · Apaseo el Alto · Apaseo el Grande · Atarjea · Celaya · Manuel Doblado · Comonfort · Coroneo · Cortázar · Cuerámaro · Doctor Mora · Dolores Hidalgo · Guanajuato · Huanímaro · Irapuato · Jaral del Progreso · Jerécuaro · León · Moroleón · Ocampo · Pénjamo · Pueblo Nuevo · Purísima del Rincón · Romita · Salamanca · Salvatierra ·San Diego de la Unión · San Felipe · San Francisco del Rincón · San José Iturbide · San Luis de la Paz · Santa Catarina · Santa Cruz de Juventino Rosas · Santiago Maravatío · Silao · Tarandacuao · Tarimoro · Tierra Blanca · Uriangato · Valle de Santiago · Victoria · Villagrán · Xichú · Yuriria
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_de_la_Uni%C3%B3n”
Categories: Cities, towns and villages in Guanajuato | Municipalities of Guanajuato | Settlements established in 1719
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This page was last modified on 9 November 2008 at 18:42.
The Feilden Stakes is a Listed flat horse race in Great Britain which is open to three-year-old thoroughbreds. It is run on the Rowley Mile at Newmarket over a distance of 1 mile and 1 furlong (1,811 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in mid April.
The event sometimes serves as an early trial for the Epsom Derby, and its participants often appear in another trial beforehand. The runner-up in 1994, Erhaab, went on to win that year’s Derby.
Winners since 1986
Year
Winner
Jockey
Trainer
Time
1986
Flying Trio
Pat Eddery
Luca Cumani
2:02.18
1987
Legal Bid
Steve Cauthen
Henry Cecil
1:54.09
1988
Kefaah
Ray Cochrane
Luca Cumani
1:54.72
1989
Greenwich Papillon
John Reid
Wally Carter
2:01.05
1990
Lord of the Field
George Duffield
James Toller
1:52.13
1991
Half a Tick
Richard Quinn
Paul Cole
1:49.74
1992
Twist and Turn
Steve Cauthen
Henry Cecil
1:51.95
1993
Placerville
Pat Eddery
Henry Cecil
1:51.11
1994
Cicerao
Walter Swinburn
Henry Cecil
1:59.83
1995
Munwar
Willie Carson
Peter Walwyn
1:48.53
1996
Storm Trooper
Pat Eddery
Henry Cecil
1:49.48
1997
Fahris
Richard Hills
Ben Hanbury
1:50.57
1998
Border Arrow
Frankie Dettori
Ian Balding
1:58.92
1999
Golden Snake
Michael Hills
Barry Hills
1:44.10
2000
Pawn Broker
Michael Kinane
David Elsworth
1:55.14
2001
Olden Times
Pat Eddery
John Dunlop
1:55.29
2002
Playapart
Eddie Ahern
Gerard Butler
1:49.40
2003
Magistretti
Kieren Fallon
Neville Callaghan
1:53.59
2004
Gold History
Joe Fanning
Mark Johnston
1:53.89
2005
Rocamadour
Ted Durcan
Mick Channon
1:51.81
2006
Atlantic Waves
Joe Fanning
Mark Johnston
1:53.35
2007
Petara Bay
Dane O’Neill
Terry Mills
1:49.76
2008
Campanologist
Joe Fanning
Mark Johnston
1:54.15
2009
Redwood
Michael Hills
Barry Hills
1:52.73
1 The 1999 running took place on Newmarket’s July Course over 1 mile and 110 yards (1,710 metres).
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feilden_Stakes”
Categories: Flat races in Great Britain | Newmarket Racecourse | Flat horse races for three-year-olds
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This page was last modified on 29 November 2009 at 10:16.
This article needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2007)
Mehdi Dibaj (c. 1935 - June/July 1994) was an Iranian Christian convert from Sunni Islam, pastor and Christian martyr.
Dibaj became a Christian as a young man and joined the Jama’at-e Rabbani Church, the Iranian branch of the Assemblies of God. After the 1979 Iranian revolution he encountered difficulties. In 1983 he was arrested and imprisoned without trial in Sari and systematically tortured. He was finally tried by an Islamic court in Sari on December 3, 1993 and sentenced to death on charges of apostasy. At his trial Dibaj declared: “I am not only satisfied to be in prison for the honour of His Holy Name, but am ready to give my life for the sake of Jesus my Lord.”
Mehdi Dibaj
Following a worldwide outcry initiated by his friend and colleague Bishop Haik Hovsepian Mehr, Dibaj was finally freed in January 1994, although the death sentence was not lifted. Just three days later Haik Hovsepian Mehr was abducted and murdered.
Dibaj was abducted on Friday, June 24, 1994. His body was found in a west Tehran park on Tuesday, July 5, 1994.
A CRY FROM IRAN. A Documentary on the Religious Persecution in Iran. Haik Hovsepian’s story, directed by his sons
Iran Rights Memorial
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehdi_Dibaj”
Categories: 1935 births | 1994 deaths | Iranian murder victims | Iranian Pentecostals | Converts to Protestantism from Islam | People murdered in Iran | 20th-century Protestant martyrs | 20th-century Protestant clergy | Iranian prisoners sentenced to death | Prisoners sentenced to death by Iran | Iranian former MuslimsHidden categories: Articles needing additional references from February 2007 | All articles needing additional references
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This page was last modified on 3 December 2009 at 23:26.
This article needs references that appear in reliable third-party publications. Primary sources or sources affiliated with the subject are generally not sufficient for a Wikipedia article. Please add more appropriate citations from reliable sources. (May 2008)
Krikor Agopian, (Beirut, 1942) is a Lebanese painter
Over orange backgrounds, he usually shows dreamlike compositions with subtle light effects where conflicts and human vanities are excluded.
External links
Agopian
This article about a Lebanese painter is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v•d•e
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This page was last modified on 16 October 2009 at 22:56.
(Redirected from Girl orchestra of Auschwitz)
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This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia’s quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. (August 2007)
The Women’s Orchestra of Auschwitz or Girls’ Orchestra of Auschwitz was a female orchestra at Auschwitz concentration camp created in June 1943 by a Polish music teacher, Mrs. Zofia Czajkowska, by order of the SS. The members were prisoner girls, whose membership in the orchestra protected them from being gassed in the gas chamber and from being worked to death. Czajkowska was eventually replaced as conductor by Alma Rosé, the daughter of Gustav Mahler’s sister Justine and of Arnold Rosé. Rosé had been the conductor of a women’s orchestra in her hometown of Vienna.
The orchestra played at the gate when the work gangs went out, and when they returned. During the final stages of the Holocaust, when the mass deportations of Jews from Eastern Europe occurred and large numbers of Jews were sent directly to the gas chambers, the orchestra played in order to put the minds of the victims at ease. The music preserved the illusion that the Jews were being transported “to the East”, and allowed the SS to kill more efficiently. Fania Fénelon denies, in her book, the claim that the orchestra had to play certain specific selections, and calls this a myth. However, she recorded concerts for the SS, and reported that Maria Mandel was particularly fond of her rendition of Madame Butterfly.
The history of the orchestra has been told in memoirs, documentaries and one docudrama. The best known documentation is Fania Fénelon’s vivid novel-memoir, “Playing for Time” (an English translation of “Sursis pour l’orchestre”). Though there is no doubting Fénelon’s skill as a writer and her unsparing analysis of the concentration camp experience, many of the surviving members of the orchestra took issue with her portrayal of Alma Rosé, who appeared in Fénelon’s memoir as a cruel disciplinarian and self-hating Jew who admired the Nazis and courted their favor. A recent biography of Rosé, “Alma Rosé: From Vienna to Auschwitz,” by Rosé family friend Richard Newman and Karen Kirtley, strives to present a different picture of the orchestra leader. It corrects several errors in Fénelon’s account (Rosé was Austrian, not German) and subtler biases: Fénelon, for instance, was never the leader of the orchestra. As a Parisian of socialist sympathies, divorced, active in the Resistance, and formerly a student of Germaine Martinelli, she was considerably more experienced and sophisticated than most of the teenaged girls in the orchestra, to whose immaturity she condescended; but there was never any doubt that Rosé was their leader. Nor, according to Newman and Kirtley, did Fénelon’s and the other Jewish women’s mistrust of the Christian Poles in the orchestra entirely reflect the truth: not all the Poles were anti-Semitic. But most significantly, Rosé emerges in her biography as a heroine who saved the lives of nearly all the women in her care by forcing them to work their hardest even if they were marginally talented, though her dramatic temperament and her egotism do not go unremarked.
Other potential sources of controversy were represented by Fénelon’s novelistic rendering of her experience, with reconstructed conversations and thinly veiled name changes (Violette Jacquet became “Florette,” Hélène Scheps and Hélène Rounder both became “Irene,” Anita Lasker-Wallfisch was “Marta,” and Fanny Birkenwald was “Anny”), and her frank treatment of both prostitution and lesbianism in the camps, with several alleged lesbian liaisons between orchestra members (toward which Fénelon was compassionate). Both the English and the German translations of her memoir were slightly abridged in respect to this last matter.
Rosé died in 1944 of unknown causes; poisoning was suspected by Fénelon and others, but according to Newman and Kirtley the cause was likely to be either botulism or typhus. After Rosé the orchestra was conducted haphazardly by Sonia Vinogradovna, a Russian prisoner, but in January 1945 Auschwitz was dismantled by the Nazis and the orchestra was sent to Bergen-Belsen. Two members, Lola Kroner and Julie Stroumsa, died there. The rest survived, though Ewa Stojowska was badly beaten and Fania Fénelon nearly died of typhus. Fénelon wrote that the orchestra was scheduled to be shot to death on the same day as the liberation by British troops. She was interviewed by the BBC on the day of liberation and performed “La Marseillaise” and “God Save the King.”
Contents
1Members of the orchestra
2Literature
3Media
4Films
5External links
Members of the orchestra
Alma Rosé, conductor and violinist, Jewish, Austrian
Zofia Czajkowska, conductor, Polish
Esther Bejarano, accordion, Jewish, German; still plays today with the group Coincidence — they play songs from the Ghetto, Jewish and anti-fascist songs
Fania Fénelon, piano and voice, Jewish, French
Ewa Stojowska, piano and voice, Polish
Helena Dunicz Niwinska, Polish
Zofia Cykowiak, violin and copyist, Polish
Anita Lasker-Wallfisch, violoncello, Jewish, German
Hélène Scheps, violin, Jewish, Belgian
Violette Jacquet, violin, Jewish, French, born in Romania; became a pop singer after the war
Flora Schrijver, accordion, Jewish, Dutch
Julie Stroumsa, violin, Jewish, Greek
Fanny Birkenwald, mandolin, Jewish, Belgian
Hélène Rounder, violin and copyist, Jewish, French
Hilde Grunbaum (Simha), notes copier, Jewish, German
Rivka Bacia (Regina Kuperberg), Alma’s maid (officially known as a notes copier), Jewish, Polish
Helen Spitzer Tichauer, mandolin, Jewish, Czech
Ruth Bassin, piccolo, Jewish, German
Sylvia Wagenberg, recorder, Jewish, German
Karla Wagenberg, recorder and piccolo, Jewish, German
Yvette Maria Assael (Lennon), accordion, piano, double bass, Jewish, Greek
Lily Assael, Jewish, Greek
As of 2005, Esther Bejarano, Violette Jacquet, Hilde Simha, Rivka Bacia (Regina Kuperberg), Masza Pietrkowska (died 1/1/09), Yvette Maria Assael-Lennon (died 7.2008) and Anita Lasker-Wallfisch are known to be among the last living survivors of the girl orchestra.
Literature
Playing for Time
Wir leben trotzdem
Man nannte mich Krümmel
Alma Rosé, Vienna 1906-Auschwitz 1944
Inherit the truth
Das Mädchenorchester von Auschwitz
Asszonysors
Les sanglots longs des violons de la mort : Avoir dix-huit ans à Auschwitz
Tu choisiras la vie
Het meisje met de accordion : de overleving van Flora Schrijver in Auschwitz-Birkenau en Bergen-Belsen
Crying is Forbidden Here!
Media
Esther Bejarano
Radio play The Wooden Shoes
Stage play “Playing For Time” available from Dramatic Publishing, written by Arthur Miller
Films
Esther Bejarano and the girl orchestra of Auschwitz Christel Priemer 1992
Bach in Auschwitz Michel Daeron (2000)
Playing for Time, Linda Yellen 1980, TV-movie based on Arthur Miller’s stage adaptation; the source of much controversy for its choice of Vanessa Redgrave, a PLO sympathizer, to play Fania Fénelon; Fénelon opposed the not-very-Jewish-looking Redgrave on the grounds that she was miscast as well as being anti-Israeli. Fénelon also was critical of the film’s accuracy, citing an unrealistic degree of freedom among the prisoners. Anita Lasker-Wallfisch supported Redgrave. Alma Rosé was played by Jane Alexander in a widely praised performance. The film is notable for a positive portrayal of a romantic relationship between two prisoners (played by Lenore Harris and Mady Kaplan), well ahead of its time.
External links
Numerous witness reports
Alma Rosé
Northwest Radio
Radio Bremen
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_Orchestra_of_Auschwitz”
Categories: Musical groups established in 1943 | Auschwitz concentration camp | Polish orchestras | Youth orchestrasHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from April 2007 | All articles lacking sources | Articles needing cleanup from August 2007 | All pages needing cleanup
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This page was last modified on 2 February 2010 at 06:15.
Leyden Township is one of thirty townships in Cook County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 94,685.
Contents
1Geography
1.1Cities, towns, villages
1.2Adjacent townships
1.3Cemeteries
1.4Major highways
1.5Landmarks
2Political districts
3References
4External links
Geography
Leyden Township is located just northwest of the city of Chicago, an edge of which lies within the township but as a separate entity. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township covers an area of 19.84 square miles (51.39 square kilometers).
Cities, towns, villages
Bensenville
Elmwood Park
Franklin Park
Melrose Park
Norridge (west edge)
Northlake
Park Ridge (south edge)
River Grove
Rosemont (southeast three-quarters)
Schiller Park
Adjacent townships
Maine Township (north)
Norwood Park Township (northeast)
Oak Park Township (southeast)
River Forest Township (southeast)
Proviso Township (south)
York Township, DuPage County (southwest)
Addison Township, DuPage County (west)
Cemeteries
The township contains these five cemeteries: Eden Memorial Park, Elmwood, Fairview Memorial, Memorial Estates and Saint Joseph.
Major highways
Interstate 90
Interstate 190
Interstate 294
U.S. Route 12
Illinois Route 19
Illinois Route 64
Landmarks
O’Hare International Airport
Cook County Forest Preserve (south quarter)
Political districts
Illinois’ 4th congressional district
State House District 65
State House District 77
State Senate District 33
State Senate District 39
References
“Leyden Township, Cook County, Illinois”. Geographic Names Information System. U.S. Geological Survey. http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:0429252. Retrieved 2010-01-10.
United States Census Bureau 2007 TIGER/Line Shapefiles
‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyden_Township,_Cook_County,_Illinois”
Categories: Townships in Cook County, IllinoisHidden categories: Infobox Settlement US maintenance
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This page was last modified on 6 February 2010 at 00:45.
The Ficus Ruminalis was a wild fig tree on the Palatine Hill in ancient Rome near the Lupercal on the Palatine. This tree was said to be sacred to the goddess Rumina. It is also the spot where tradition said the trough containing Romulus and Remus landed on the banks of the Tiber and were reared by a she-wolf.
Tradition said that this tree was removed by the augur Attus Navius and thenceforth stood on the Comitium. Ovid states that only vestigia remained on the original spot in his day, but Livy, in telling the story of the twins, says that the Ogulnii, aediles in 296 B.C., erected a monument that represented the twins and wolf, ad ficum ruminalem. It has also been suggested that the Plutei of Trajan are from a small enclosure wall built around the Ficus Ruminalis and a statue of Marsyas.
It is possible that the site continued to be called Ficus Ruminalis, after the tree itself had disappeared. Ruminalis, according to one view, is to be connected with Ruma the Etruscan, the name from which Rome and Romulus are derived.
The Romans themselves, however, derived it from ruma, rumis, breast; and Herbig has put forward the view that “Roma” is the Latinised form, and as a proper name means “large-breasted,” i.e. strong or powerful.
When the tree began to droop in 58AD it was seen as a bad portent for Rome.
1911 Encyclopedia Entry for Romulus
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficus_Ruminalis”
Categories: Roman mythology
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This page was last modified on 16 May 2009 at 20:45.
Coordinates: 44°54?12?N71°11?51?W? / ?44.90333°N 71.1975°W? / 44.90333; -71.1975Dix’s Grant is a township located in Coos County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2000 census, the grant had a total population of 0. In New Hampshire, locations, grants, townships (which are different from towns), and purchases are unincorporated portions of a county which are not part of any town and have limited self-government (if any, as many are uninhabited).
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the grant has a total area of 20.2 square miles (52 km2), none of which is covered by lakes or rivers. The grant’s highest point is 3,279 feet (999 m) above sea level, along the ridge of Crystal Mountain.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are no people living in the grant.
References
^“American FactFinder”. United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
v•d•e
Municipalities and communities of
Coös County, New Hampshire
County seat: Lancaster
City
Berlin
Towns
Carroll | Clarksville | Colebrook | Columbia | Dalton | Dummer | Errol | Gorham | Jefferson | Lancaster | Milan | Northumberland | Pittsburg | Randolph | Shelburne | Stark | Stewartstown | Stratford | Whitefield
Townships
Atkinson and Gilmanton Academy Grant | Bean’s Grant | Bean’s Purchase | Cambridge | Chandler’s Purchase | Crawford’s Purchase | Cutt’s Grant | Dix’s Grant | Dixville | Erving’s Location | Green’s Grant | Hadley’s Purchase | Kilkenny | Low and Burbank’s Grant | Martin’s Location | Millsfield | Odell | Pinkham’s Grant | Sargent’s Purchase | Second College Grant | Success | Thompson and Meserve’s Purchase | Wentworth’s Location
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dix%27s_Grant,_New_Hampshire”
Categories: Townships in Coos County, New Hampshire | Berlin micropolitan area
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This page was last modified on 26 December 2009 at 00:39.
Ambresbury Banks is the name given to the remains of an Iron Age hill fort in Epping Forest, Essex, England. According to legend, it is the site of the last stand by Boudica against the Romans in the year 61. There is no evidence to support this; other theories for the location of the battlefield include Mancetter in Warwickshire and Kings Cross in London.
The fort encircles an area of 4.5 hectares (11 acres) and is surrounded by a single bank of 2 m (6 ft) in height, together with a ditch. There is a small counterscarp bank on the outside lip of the ditch. The defences now have 6 major breaks in their circumference; only one appears to be original. This is approached from the north west by a trapezoidal causeway. The ends of the bank at this point were revetted with coursed puddingstone blocks. The width of the passageway was sufficient to suggest double gates, but no central postholes were found. Finds at the site have included shards of red, grey and black pottery, flints and flint arrow heads, and lumps of baked clay. These suggest a construction date of around 700 BC and occupation until 42 AD.
The area within and around the fort is now completely wooded, although in Iron Age times it would have been cleared of trees to enable a better field of view, and for agriculture. This has been suggested by evidence of Wild Service trees, which are an indicator of regrown forest.
The Ambresbury Banks site has been examined archeologically 9 times; the first excavation was by Augustus Pitt-Rivers in 1881.
Interstate 90
Interstate 190
Interstate 294
U.S. Route 12
Illinois Route 19
Illinois Route 64
